The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase, controls cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors and is frequently deregulated in cancer. Here we report co-crystal structures of a complex of truncated mTOR and mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (mLST8) with an ATP transition state mimic and with ATP-site inhibitors. The structures ..

Fluorogenic Chemogenetic Biosensors for Biological ImagingFluorescent chemogenetic biosensors based on natural fluorogens. (A) Chemical structure of the endogenous fluorogen biliverdin (BV). (B) iSplit: irreversible reconstitution of mIFP upon protein‐protein interaction allows covalent BV binding, thus fluorescence activation. (C) NIR‐GECO1: Conformational change of the calmodulin sensing modul..

- HOMO and LUMOHOMO stands for Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital, which means the highest energy level among the orbitals occupied by electrons. On the other hand, LUMO stands for Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital, which means the lowest energy level among the orbitals that are not filled by electrons. These two can be easily found through a diagram.HOMO and LUMO are related to the color of t..

1. Immune Response and Immunophenotyping Objective: Understanding immune cell dynamics and responses, particularly in infection and inflammation. Application: Flow cytometry is used to identify different immune cell populations and analyze their surface markers. It helps track the behavior of T cells, B cells, and monocytes in various conditions. Example Article: "Flow cytometry-based identifica..

There are a wide variety of experiments that can be performed using flow cytometry.1) Experiment using fluorescent antibodiesAs we have already covered to some extent when introducing flow cytometry, the main purpose of flow cytometry is to find out and analyze what kind of cell it is by analyzing various proteins expressed by the cell. Therefore, many fluorescent antibodies that can specificall..

Principle of FluorescenceFluorescent dyes have wavelengths of light absorbed by each dye.If you shine light in the corresponding wavelength range of light, you can excite electrons in fluorescent dye.Excited electrons go to a higher energy state, an excited state, and then go back to a lower energy state, a ground state.At this time, the energy emitted is emitted in the form of photons.Through t..